List of elected socialist mayors in the United States
U.S. cities and
towns electing
Socialist mayors
or major officers,
1911–1920 |
| Year |
No. |
Year |
No. |
| 1911 |
74 |
1912 |
8 |
| 1913 |
32 |
1914 |
5 |
| 1915 |
22 |
1916 |
6 |
| 1917 |
18 |
1918 |
2 |
| 1919 |
5 |
1920 |
2 |
Source: James
Weinstein, 1967 [1] |
The following is a list of mayors who have declared themselves to be socialists or have been a member of a socialist party in the United States.
In 1911 it was estimated there were twenty-eight such mayors[2] and in 1913 thirty-four.[3] In 1967, however, James Weinstein's table of "Cities and Towns Electing Socialist Mayors or Other Major Municipal Officers, 1911–1920" counted 74 such municipalities in 1911 and 32 in 1913, with smaller peaks in 1915 (22) and 1917 (18).[1]
List of mayors
Notes
- I^ Ran for the Rockford Progressive Party, which was formed by dissidents of the Rockford Labor Party in 1929.[5][6]
- II^ Chase and Coulter were both elected mayor for the Social Democratic Party, but the party later merged itself with a dissident faction of the Socialist Labor Party in 1901 and founded the Socialist Party of America.[29]
- Chase was the first elected socialist mayor in the United States.[30]
- III^ Clavelle became a member of the Democratic Party in 2004.
- IV^ His name is alternatively spelled Lewis J. Duncan.[31][32]
- V^ Was running for the Rockford Labor Legion from 1921–1927, in 1929 the Labor Party refused to nominate him on the grounds that he had moved from some of the party's principles. He ran as an independent from 1929-33.[6]
- The Rockford Labor Legion was a coalition of local trade unions, socialist organizations and temperance societies.[6]
- VI^ Van Lear was expelled from the Socialist Party in 1918
- VII^ Sanders has self-declared himself to be a democratic socialist.[33]
References
Notes
- ^ a b Weinstein, James (1967). The Decline of Socialism in America 1912–1925. New York: Monthly Review Press, reprinted in 1969 by Vintage Books (Random House), Table 2: "Cities and Towns Electing Socialist Mayors or Other Major Municipal Officers, 1911–1920", pp. 116–118.
- ^ Hoxie, Robert F. "The Rising Tide of Socialism": A Study. The Journal of Political Economy. October 1911;19(8):609-631.
- ^ In: Ghent, W.J., editor. Socialism and Government: Working Programs and Records of Socialists in Office. Girard, KS: Appeal to Reason; 1916 [cited 4 January 2010]. p. 46.
- ^ a b Belgum, David Rudolph (1990). Memoirs of Iowa's Only Socialist Mayor. Iowa City: Rose of Sharon Publishing House. ISBN 0874140730.
- ^ a b c Hal Nelson 1968, pp. 102.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Bengston 1999, pp. 209.
- ^ Bedford 1966, pp. 90.
- ^ a b Bedford 1966, pp. 117.
- ^ Bedford 1966, pp. 118.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "The Socialist Avalanche," Political Action [Milwaukee], whole no. 39 (April 15, 1911), pg. 1.
- ^ "Butte Mayor and Sheriff Ousted". Herald Journal. October 7, 1914. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=zUEsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3ckEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3852,275195&dq=lewis+duncan+lewis-duncan&hl=en. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ a b Arrington 1922, pp. 487.
- ^ "Calls Legion Men Censors of Opinion" (PDF). The New York Times. August 31, 1922. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=950CE7DC1039EF3ABC4950DFBE668389639EDE. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ Socialists Sweep Norwalk Election; Party's Candidates for Mayor, Sheriff, Treasurer, and 11 for City Council Win. The New York Times. October 7, 1947 [cited February 5, 2010].
- ^ Freese Quits Socialists In Norwalk: Mayor Heads Party of Independents for November Election. Hartford Courant. August 14, 1951.
- ^ "Elect Socialist Mayor" (PDF). The New York Times. November 5, 1919. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F07EED81138EE32A25756C0A9679D946896D6CF. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ a b Fry, Amy Lyons (2003). "Socialist Mayors". In John J. Duffy, Samuel B. Hand, and Ralph H. Orth, editors. The Vermont Encyclopedia. University of Vermont Press. pp. 274.
- ^ Ann Arbor Call, whole no. 91 (August 17, 1912), pg. 2.
- ^ "Socialist Mayor Chosen" (PDF). The New York Times. September 18, 1912. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E00E2D81630E233A2575BC1A96F9C946396D6CF. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Democrats Fail in Hunt for Candidate" (PDF). The New York Times. July 6, 1918. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E02E5D8173EE433A25755C0A9619C946996D6CF. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ "Socialst Mayor Defeated" (PDF). The New York Times. April 2, 1912. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D07E5D7143CE633A25751C0A9629C946396D6CF. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ "Socialst Mayor for Milwaukee" (PDF). The New York Times. April 6, 1910. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9B0DE6D81139E333A25755C0A9629C946196D6CF. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ "Arkansas Socialist Mayor" (PDF). The New York Times. April 4, 1912. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F03E2DB1F31E233A25757C0A9629C946396D6CF. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ "Socialist Mayor Defeated". The Los Angeles Times. April 9, 1914. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/334308612.html?dids=334308612:334308612&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+09%2C+1914&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=SOCIALIST+MAYOR+DEFEATED.&pqatl=google. Retrieved February 5, 2010. (pay-fee for article)
- ^ a b Bengston 1999, pp. 182.
- ^ "Socialst Mayor Resigns from Party". Reading Eagle. April 9, 1932. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=UAQxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iOEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5383,1789303&dq=socialist+mayor+socialist-mayor&hl=en. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ "Socialist Mayor Talks for Hillquit" (PDF). The New York Times. November 5, 1917. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9C05E7DA123FE433A25756C0A9679D946696D6CF. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ a b French 1914, pp. 917.
- ^ Bedford 1966, pp. 122.
- ^ Bedford 1966, pp. 130.
- ^ "One Man is Killed in Rioting and Million Damage". The New York Times. June 24, 1914. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=IBEyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4OMFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4280,6830066&dq=lewis+duncan+lewis-duncan&hl=en. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ "Butte Mayor is Stabbed by Miner". The New York Times. July 6, 1914. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=xfwgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bHUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3220,410404&dq=louis+duncan+louis-duncan&hl=en. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ Lerer, Lisa (2009-07-16). "Where's the outrage over AIG bonuses?". The Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0709/25000.html. Retrieved 2009-08-04. "Only a handful of members, including self-described democratic socialist Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), criticized Goldman’s payments and questioned whether the company also received additional government assistance through the Federal Reserve."
Bibliography
- Arrington, Benjamin F. (1922). Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p. 976.
- Bedford, Henry F. (1966). Socialism and the Workers in Massachusetts, 1886-1912. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 9780870230103.
- Bengston, Henry (1999). On the Left in America: Memoirs of the Scandinavian-American Labor Movement. SIU Press. p. 237. ISBN 0809321041.
- French, Hiram Taylor (1914). History of Idaho: A Narrative Account of Its Historical Progress, Its People and Its Principal Interests. New York Public Library. p. 976.
- Nelson, C. Hal (1968). Sinnissippi Saga: A History of Rockford and Winnebago County, Illinois. Winnebago County Illinois Sesquicentennial Committee. p. 536.
- Weinstein, James (1967). The Decline of Socialism in America 1912–1925. New York: Monthly Review Press, reprinted in 1969 by Vintage Books (Random House), Table 2: "Cities and Towns Electing Socialist Mayors or Other Major Municipal Officers, 1911–1920", pp. 116–118.